Early semiconductor projects, applications, and data books. Find germanium datasheet transistor related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on globalspec a trusted source of germanium datasheet transistor information. Hi donald, there is a simple but useful initial sizing technique for output transistors for amps with ab output stages. Irf520p to220 nchannel power mosfet rf final and en369dr companion part. Modern small signal schottky diodes such as the philips bat83 and bat85 have a similar forward drop to germanium diodes at low currents, and could probably be used as direct replacements in many sets. Technical information on transistors may be found on their packages, on the data sheets from the manufacturer, and in some electronics textbooks or handbooks. We received a few messages about these cv series transistors so here is some additional information on these transistors. For the pointcontact transistor a small slab of ntype germanium consisting of a single crystal and having a volume resistivity of 5. This databook contains data sheets on the sgsates range of discrete power. Just sent me the 6 page datasheet on the amperex 2n281 and 2n282 germanium transistors. Germanium transistors the following table lists the parameters for germanium transistors. Thanks to germaniums small bandgap, a transistor with a germanium channel could require as little as a quarter of the energy that a siliconchanneled transistor needs to switch to a conducting. Given that the findings are very short, the weight of the transistors is pretty big. The one with the higher voltage drop will correspond with the emitter of the transistor.
The sylvania 2n101 is a pnpalloyed highcurrent lowvoltage type electrically identical to 2n68, but in a different packaging designed to render it highly. A few germanium diodes such as the oa47 are still available, but as with germanium transistors, their days must be numbered. These were made by etching depressions into an ntype germanium base from both sides with jets of indiumiii sulfate until it was a few tenthousandths of an inch thick. One facet of the design process here at keeley electronics comes down to selecting not just the highest quality components for use in our pedals, but the right component for the sounds were trying to achieve. They contain information on transistor characteristics and operation. Semiconductor transistor, diode, ic cross reference. To permit ease of consultation, this book has been divided into six main sections. Aug 23, 2012 the 2n1532 is also a germanium pnp power transistor, similar to a number of other power transistors of the time.
Jun 24, 2015 10 w audio amplifier with germanium transistors. Germanium, transistors semiconductor available from. Germanium will sound a tad different than silicon in a given circuit, but its also worth pointing. Nte100 datasheet germanium complementary transistor pnp oscillator, mixer for am radio, medium speed switch. They should be germanium if you want to get the classic 60s70s soft distortion. To36 package 2n554 motorola germanium transistor pnp 2n174 2n1545 motorola mesa transistors 2n58 jan 2n398a 1n2621a. For more information on this transistor, see the 2n3904 datasheet. The fundamentals of sige hbts are presented along with a discussion of how the properties of semiconductors change at cryogenic temperatures, as well the. Two germanium transistors type ac128 are selected by us for the best fuzz face sound. The official ecommerce division of nte electronics, inc.
The cv series of semiconductors diodes transistors and tubes were manufactured and specifically labelled for use by the uk military. Sep 15, 2015 cv transistor codes our first 15 broadcast pedals came fitted with an nos mullardmade cv5712 germanium transistor. Motorola 1950s germanium power transistors above, ltor. I just checked and they dont have a listing for that transistor. Identify symptoms when you need to check or replace these elements. Philips described its pointcontact transistors in general terms as follows.
Watts up early power transistor evolution, part 1, germanium. This transistor is made by taking a wafer of n type germanium, mounting it on a holder and pressing. Pnp germanium rf transistor, af106 datasheet, af106 circuit, af106 data sheet. Introduction transistor low frequency equivalent circuits. The transistors are from a sealed bag from the 1970s and are gain matched and checked for proper leakage with a peak atlas dc55. Csr 2n217 pnp germanium transistor csr new old stock to1 case test on 3 samples. In a search i have found some basic data for cross references however i do not know if these are correct substitutes. Introduced by raytheon in early 1953, the ck722 was the first low cost junction transistor available to the general public.
H robinson, and published by wills and hepworth ltd. The middle layer is the base, and the other two are called the emitter and the collector. The first serial transistors in the soviet union, not including experienced 1 8 1953, were point contact pnp germanium transistors 1 and 2 1954 1960. Jun 16, 2015 the to1 standard was the first allmetal case used for germanium transistors when the black glass models were abandoned around 1964.
General information, germanium transistors, germanium diodes, silicon. Cross reference electronic circuits, tv schematics, audio. This concerns european series like acs, industrial series acys, asys, aszs, the british nkts and the japanese 2sas. So the silicium transistors have a greater crossover distortion zero crossing. The germanium products 2n100 is an npn switching transistor for computer circuit applications. Like the ck722, it enjoyed a longstanding popularity. Mullard soon switched to using the bc prefix for silicon, and ac for germanium, eliminating the confusion. It is packaged in the widely recognizable to3 diamondshaped hermetic package.
To this end several of the major radio parts and radio manufacturers had undertaken major power transistor development programs to see who could be the first to market with these much needed devices. Ukbo samples breakdown voltage collectorbase for a given reverse current collector. The germanium products 2n99 is an npn switching transistor for computer circuit applications. Ck722 classic germanium transistor webpage and museum index. How to check a transistor with a digital multimeter. Nte electronics nte104 pnp germanium transistor for audio frequency power amplifier, to3 case, 10a collector current, 50v collectorbase voltage price. Taa920 germanium diode oa 182 bsv57b ac187k fy sot 143 bf194 ad 161 bpx34 bpw14 text. Silicon has been used, and many people like the harsher clipping, but it. Theres also at least one pdf version available too, if all you want is a. Ssd1805tr1 2 x 68 stn lcd segment common monochrome driver with controller. These can occasionally be found on ebay, usually advertised as germanium devices.
The 2n107 is an early germanium alloy junction pnp transistor developed by general electric ge in 1955, to become ges entry into the electronic hobbyist market successfully started with the ck722 transistor. The first highfrequency transistor was the surfacebarrier germanium transistor developed by philco in 1953, capable of operating up to 60 mhz. Why is germanium considered better than silicium for audio. In those times, most transistors were germanium bipolar junction types, but some material covers point. Early power transistor evolution, part 1, germanium. Typical transistor circuit this is a silicon transistor circuit showing typical voltage values. Being a much less complex case design it must have been considerably less costly than the to36 package in figure 1, and has become one of the most. On the small bear fuzzface faq, there is a drawing that illustrates how to measure transistor leakage near the end of the page. Ac122 datasheet germanium small signal transistors. Our first 15 broadcast pedals came fitted with an nos mullardmade cv5712 germanium transistor.
All these devices were made on the same manufacturing lines, with a gain test. I cant find it in a online search other than some basic data. The 2n1532 is also a germanium pnp power transistor, similar to a number of other power transistors of the time. Figure 6 is an example night light circuit using a pnp transistor. Ac128 datasheet, ac128 pdf, ac128 data sheet, ac128 manual, ac128 pdf, ac128, datenblatt, electronics ac128, alldatasheet, free, datasheet, datasheets, data sheet. Transistor museum early germanium power transistor history.
Transistor museum construction projects point contact. A transistor multimeter can tell you how much current or voltage goes through a transistor in a circuit. Cases gec mazda stc aei hivac newmarket texas transistors. Individual electrical component speed adds up as an aggregate, and, therefore, a germanium transistor array can significantly increase the processing speed of a circuit. The interesting thing is that when you use a germanium diode to stabilize a germanium transistor, the rising forward voltage on the diode coupled with the rising gain on the transistor is generally a wash. You will need to buy one of item ge transistor testing fee in the germanium transistor category for each transistor you want tested.
The original book used germanium transistors from the mullard oc. The mullard pocket data book is presented so as to provide easy. Texas instruments transistor and diode databook 1st ed 1973 datasheets for diodes from 1n251 on and transistors from 2n117 on acrobat 7 pdf 34. Ic cross reference cross reference ci stk cross reference ci tda cross reference ci sharp cross reference hitachi audio ic cross reference and circuit applications smd cross reference and equivalent we make every effort to ensure that the material on this site is accurate, however we do not warrant or represent that the information is free. This wonderful book is to introduce a novice beginner into the world of radio engineering and begins from simple steps.
Indium electroplated into the depressions formed the collector and emitter. The to1 standard was the first allmetal case used for germanium transistors when the black glass models were abandoned around 1964. Despite that, it still offers the best way to achieve certain, especially smooth distortion, fuzz, or overdrive characteristics. Maybe someone else has a book to look up the specs. Uk vintage radio repair and restoration transistor faults. I try to add the stabilizing diode to any pedal i think ill care about it on. The main technical characteristics of the transistor p215. Transistor and semiconductor material from the early days.
Apr 07, 2020 germanium alloys offer enhanced transmission rates in highspeed circuitry over silicon, but they are not without their drawbacks. The rumours ive heard is that some resellers purchase a big bulk collection, sort all the best transistors out maybe 1 in 10 if that, then sell the leftover dreck to the next sucker. One of the most unique and historic germanium transistor devices was the photo transistor, and general transistor was a primary supplier, with the product sold. Offering a matched set of three ac125 germanium pnp transistors for tone bender mkiimarshall supa fuzz.
Siemens, alldatasheet, datasheet, datasheet search site for electronic components and. The vce0 of the replacement transistor should be about 20% 30% higher than the railtorail voltage or the supply voltage, if it is a single supply amp of the amplifier. Germanium is harder to come by than silicon, as it represents a small fraction of the semiconductor market today. Historic germanium computer transistors research and collecting kit. Most germanium transistor production ceased in the 1970s in favor of silicon which are more stable, consistent, have higher gain, and lower leakage. Ck705 diode e1110 me1120 te1088 ecg semiconductor replacement guide cs1237 1n733a 1n942 delco dtg110b transistor. The column marked case is the outline of the transistor case. Heres a pdf image scan of the historic sylvania products booklet, 28 uses for junction. Mullards first silicon transistors were the oc201 to oc207, pnp alloy types using the standard so2 metaloverglass construction such as the oc201 shown. These transistors are used with diodes and semiconductors for letting electricity flow in a certain direction. Making a transistor radio ladybird book making a transistor radio is a book written by george c. Silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors for. But many people to this day favor germanium transistors in fuzz pedals because of their tone, and because they want to recreate fuzz tones of their favorite players who used germanium fuzzes.
The medium gain set will get you the great balanced fuzz sound that you know from the better boutique fuzz pedals. The case drawings are shown at the bottom of the page. P215 transistors pnp germanium alloy structure universal. To permit ease of consultation, this book has been divided into five main sections. Mcc 2sc945y micro commercial components tm 20736 marilla street chatsworth micro commercial components 2sc945gr ca 911 phone. On the higher notes you will get a good balance between octave up and standard fuzz sounds. Germanium transistors will have a forward baseemitter bias voltage of 0. Germanium transistors have been out of production and valuable to pedal builders for a long long time. Sylvania published a number of books documenting various. Has new, new old stock, and obsolete transistors in stock, including hard to find germanium transistors used in restorations, projects, and. Most properties of a germanium transistor fall below those of a standard silicon transistor, including the maximum power distribution they offer, at around 6 watts versus over 50 watts for silicon, and lower levels of current gain and operating frequencies. The ac128 is a great sounding germanium transistor but if you buy many of them, there will be a large number left over that have too much basetoemitter leakage to be useful in a voltage amplifier circuit. Ac128 datasheet, equivalent, cross reference search. Classic germanium transistor website and museum the ck722 holds a unique place in the history of the transistor.
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